After the end of the rule of «Marina» .. A final accounting for the relationships Cairo and Washington

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Saturday, June 29th, 2013 - 11:34:36 p.

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Since the fall of former President Hosni Mubarak, changed American attitudes of non-objection participation of the Muslim Brotherhood in the political life in Egypt, leading to lack of judgment, and their colorful «notes», on the performance of the Egyptian government led by President Mohamed Morsi, who completes his first year in office later this month current.

First positions

Appeared first American attitudes of the Muslim Brotherhood, in the words of President Barack Obama in the February 7, 2011, and that in a television interview with Fox's right-wing, where he said «The Muslim Brotherhood group, one of several political forces in Egypt, and backed by a majority of the Egyptian people».

But in exchange for the position of Obama and his secretary of state at the time, Hillary Clinton, came voices in opposition to the Muslim Brotherhood from within the Congress, which rejected each of Republican Rep. Kay Granger and fellow Democratic Nita Lowey, two of the senior leaders of the Appropriations Committee in the House of Representatives to give Egypt an additional aid worth 2 billion, which was announced by President Barack Obama to Egypt in his speech on May 19, 2011, in the case of the presence of the Muslim Brotherhood as part of a new government in Egypt.

He also called on Republican Senator from Illinois Mark Kirk, the need for the Washington, including the effort to prevent the Muslim Brotherhood from access to the rule of Egypt, and the need to declare Obama the language clear and direct that the United States opposes the arrival of Muslim Brotherhood rule in Egypt.

According to James Phillips, founder of the conservative Hratej, it was stated that «what the Obama administration hopes from Egypt after the overthrow of President Mubarak is the shift to a genuine democracy, but the features of the transitional phase refers to the arrival of the relations between the two countries to the worst levels since 1979».

Constitutional Declaration last Askar

With the release of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces constitutional declaration on June 17 (less than two weeks before the handover of power to President-elect (before the announcement of the winner in the presidential election), the atmosphere of strained US-Egyptian relations.

Washington saw that such a declaration reduce the powers of the president-elect, said a spokeswoman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (then) Victoria Nuland that the failure of the military council to hand over power to a democratically elected civilian authority would force us (Americans) to conduct a review of the relationship between the two countries.

On his part, said her counterpart at the Pentagon (U.S. Defense Department) George Little «We are deeply concerned about the constitutional declaration new, in terms of timing, and we support the Egyptian people in its forecast that conveys the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces complete power to democratically elected civilian government, as previously announced Council Top ».

Rightful winner

This was the password in the U.S. call the military council to announce «rightful winner» of the elections, warning of the danger of «impose a candidate did not get a majority of the votes», as stated for «Sunrise» U.S. official.

And witnessed the corridors of the U.S. administration and contradictory views about what should be done about the latest developments in Egypt. At a time in which you wish the State Department and the White House to be the new Egyptian President, expressing only the results of the polls, did not stick in the beginning and the U.S. Department of Defense in the inevitability of this position.

The United States welcomed the outcome of the presidential election official, said a White House statement said that Washington expects from Anchorage to work to ensure the stability «and not drifting towards exaggeration», and is open to all parties in order to form a new government.

As President Barack Obama made two phone calls with each of the anchorage and Shafik.

AIPAC: deeds and not words

Issued AIPAC, the largest organizations Jewish lobby of America, issued a statement urging the Obama administration to deliver a clear message to Egyptian President's new that «business and not words would be the standard to judge the new president, especially with regard to maintaining peace with Israel, and stop terrorism in the Sinai Peninsula ».

The statement pointed out that the background of President Mohamed Morsy «co-founder of the Egyptian Committee to resist the Zionist project of concern over the future of Egypt's commitment to peace with Israel».

Omar Abdel Rahman .. First differences

Washington has criticized President berth because of his pledge to release Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman (the word berth in Tahrir Square on Friday, June 29th), and the expected U.S. media that leads the Declaration of Egyptian President to complicate relations with Washington, and deepen the suspicions of America in Marsa and the Muslim Brotherhood.

Marshal isolate and monopoly power

With the president's decisions Anchorage change the leadership of the army and the abolition of the Constitutional Declaration former taking office, rumors were circulating about U.S. blessing for those decisions, but the U.S. ambassador previously served in the Arab world told «sunrise» that the U.S. administration has learned «motion changes from the media», and Talking about her knowledge of Washington «exaggeration lacks accuracy».

Storm the embassy .. New problem

Seven weeks before the U.S. presidential election, has been storming the U.S. Embassy in Cairo and the flag-lowering U.S. and raise the flag of al-Qaida place, against the backdrop of protests against the screening of U.S. offensive to the Prophet Muhammad was posted on YouTube, and it's the anniversary of the events of September 11, and while the mission of great economic represent Major U.S. companies in Egypt to encourage investment and research on the issues of job creation and business development.

The reaction of the president's official reprimand intruders berth, while the film continued to denounce abusive which increased the protests.

But the simultaneous attack on the embassy in Cairo, with the attack on the U.S. consulate in the city of Benghazi, which resulted in the deaths of four Americans, including Washington's ambassador to Libya, Chris Stephen, played down the severity of the American reaction to what happened in Cairo.

Two days after the report was released about the intrusion of Congress are expected to «be to break into the consequences of the bilateral relations between the United States and Egypt for years to come», in conjunction with the freezing of $ 450 million in U.S. aid to Egypt.

Visits troublesome

Since the first visits of President marina outside, annoyed some of the decision-making circles in Washington, DC, where the presidential plane drifted away from the influence of the U.S., such as China, Iran, Russia, India, South Africa and Brazil.

And summarized the American administration, to visit China and later Iran in the first weeks rule Anchorage a lot of anxiety, where some felt that the two visits represent one of the most important aspects of change witnessed by the Egyptian foreign policy is now towards independence, and to give priority to the national interest away from the submission of any domination of American foreign.

After days of expression United States for dissatisfaction on the visit of President anchorage of the capital Tehran to attend meetings of the Organization of Non-Aligned Countries, Washington welcomed the strong word of a berth in the Tehran meeting, which she described as condemnation «very clear and very strong», the regime in Damascus ally Iran.

«Washington worry procedures berth in the Gaza crisis, but because of his role in Tmdha calm and pressure on Hamas».

Gaza crisis .. The first test of relations between Anchorage and Obama

On November 14, 2012, a week after one of the re-election of U.S. President, launched the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip, killing of Ahmed Jabari, a leader of the Hamas movement, and was shocked and Washington than the speed of call Cairo to its ambassador to Israel, in addition to send Prime Minister Hisham Qandil to Gaza without any coordination or continue on these two steps with Washington.

According to a senior U.S. official's «Sunrise» that «the Egyptian stance and steps Avatar Rapid taken by the Egyptian government's response to the Israeli escalation against the Gaza Strip raises serious questions in Washington about the impact of this crisis on the future of relations with Egypt, and on the future of the Treaty of Egyptian-Israeli peace. Relations between Washington and Cairo will be subject to review after the end of this severe crisis ».

Obama has adopted a dual strategy in the face of the crisis, on the one hand His administration condemns the firing of rockets on Israel in the strongest terms, and requests from Egypt, at the same time exploiting its influence with the Palestinian side to calm the situation.

Awarded the crisis the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip, a good opportunity to head to impose berth, if he wants, new rules for the management of relations Cairo the most important countries in the world, especially after the return of the Gaza crisis showed a lot of papers of the political game in the Middle East for the Egyptian hands.

The crisis ended with the aggression on the Gaza Strip on Nov. 21 to declare a truce between the two sides which play an important role Egyptian President, and won the praise of U.S. President berth great .. But the praise did not last long.

Advertising constitutional crisis

Annoyed the U.S. administration strongly of President Mohamed Morsy decisions released on the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday, which was approved Thursday, November 22, 2012. It was the timing of the issuance of the Constitutional Declaration, which came one day after the end of the crisis of the Israeli aggression on Gaza, and Washington Compliment a lot of praise for the great role of the Egyptian President to end them, have a significant impact in increasing anger U.S..

Washington saw that the announcement by President Mohamed Morsi granting himself dictatorial powers without monitoring or accountant in Heliopolis, is the work deserves strong condemnation. According to an official statement dollars «that one of the aspirations of the revolution is to ensure that the concentration of power in the hands of one person or one institution. The current constitutional vacuum in Egypt can only be resolved through the issuance of the Constitution provides for the balance of powers and control among themselves and respect the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, in line with Egypt's international obligations. We call for calm and urge all parties to work together and urge all Egyptians to resolve their differences on these important issues peacefully through democratic dialogue ».

However, the most important thing said in a statement the U.S. State Department was an invitation «all parties to condemn the violence and prevent it».

The U.S. official said «there was no signs of any intention to Anchorage to do the steps in the course of which the oldest and the presence of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in Cairo on Wednesday», ie one day before the announcement of Anchorage.

For its part, according to CBS News that the timing of the issuance of the important decisions of Egyptian President came at a time plunged the international support and praise for what he has done an important role in reaching a cease-fire agreement in Gaza between Hamas and Israel, with U.S. assistance. According to the Wall Street Journal that the marina has steps this week after spending whatever is trying to end the Gaza crisis, raising his name in the international arena after reaching a truce agreement.

Invasions of the Muslim Brotherhood to Washington

Separated seven months between two visits to the two delegations representing political wings of the Muslim Brotherhood for the American capital Washington. The first came in April 2012 in the form of an official delegation representing Freedom and Justice Party, the majority party in parliament, which was dissolved after that. The second came in the first week of December 2012 in the form of a government official delegation from the Presidency of the Republic, and consists of a senior adviser to the president for external relations, headed by Dr. Essam mourning.

During these seven months have seen Egypt and the United States political changes dramatically, it has resulted in the first democratic elections in Egyptian history victory Anchorage, belonging to the Muslim Brotherhood, and former chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party, headed by Egypt, and saw Washington's re-election of President Barack Obama for a second term.

During the reign of President Mohamed Morsi, which did not exceed six months, the two incidents are important form the pattern of development of relations between Cairo and Washington.

The first event represents in great discomfort in Washington on official reaction, the reaction of President Marina personally, on the attack on the U.S. Embassy because of the movie The anti-Messenger.

The second event: the Israeli aggression on Gaza and the Egyptian role is important, and great coordination between Anchorage and Obama, and before him the reaction forces on the Egyptian aggression and withdraw its ambassador to Cairo from Tel Aviv.

Statements old inhibit open a new page

Old Video Showing raised on the Internet contains statements of the President of Anchorage, back in 2010 when he was a leading role in the Muslim Brotherhood anger of the American political circles. The video included an attack on the «Jews» and Zionists demanding breastfeed their children hatred «Jews», as described by vampires and arsonists wars and they are the descendants of apes and pigs.

And demanded that the U.S. administration of President retract his remarks hostile to Israel and Zionism. Although foot video mentioned, but the presentation of the report with him in the front page of The New York Times on January 14, 2013 raised questions about efforts to provide anchorage himself as a moderate and messenger of stability.

Said a senior official at the White House on the second anniversary of the start of the January 25 revolution, in a statement to «Sunrise» the absence of a visit by President berth on the agenda of U.S. President yet.

Obama has pointed to the anger toward the U.S. president's policies Anchorage. He said during his State of the Union address on February 12, 2013 that his country «will stand with citizens demanding their rights while the world and will support the transition to a stable democracy .. The transition process will be confused, and we can not dictate assuming that we track the change in countries such as Egypt, but we can and we will insist on respect for the basic rights of all people ».

After the publication of remarks by President berth for Jews, it is difficult to imagine the arrival of the president to Washington soon. The president's remarks Marina, which condemned the Western intervention in Mali, bothered very much interested in the files of the fight against terrorism in the U.S. administration, especially since they believe that Egypt and its stability is located directly in the circle of danger from al-Qaida in North Africa.

Not a secret that Washington is aware of the aspiration President had for various reasons, has left a statement for the presidency in August 2012 to mention that President Morsy will visit Washington, DC, after the end of his visit to New York to attend the meetings of the General Assembly of the United Nations in September, which did not happen. Then came a statement of the presidency to mention that the president's visit Marina will take place during the month of December 2012, which did not happen as well. Then he mentioned the President himself to the Anchorage station CNN he visited Washington before the end of the month of March 2013, which did not happen as well.

Nominations for the moment a new American

During the hearings on the appointment and U.S. Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel during the last week of January 2013 a student member of the U.S. Senate, James Inhofe, (R-Oklahoma), the need to find a friend to the United States in Egypt instead of the regime of President Marina «hostile». Senator Inhofe and surprised the audience to suspend sexy as it is stated «I was on top of the deal called for the postponement of F-16 aircraft for Egypt», said «I think that Mohamed Morsy enemy while the Egyptian army friend. It is not wise to be sent arms to Egypt, this is us lose any ability to influence. If we sent to Egypt, this means giving up our ability to influence. I think that Marina distanced himself from the army, and this represents the first step for me. I want to think that we can re-friend of the rule ».

The new foreign minister, John Kerry has been a supporter of the position and the eulogist of the Egyptian army, he said in front of the Foreign Relations Committee of the House of Representatives that the military and economic aid provided annually to Egypt in the amount of 1.55 billion dollars is an investment for the future.

He stated that the military aid had a significant impact on Egypt's Revolution, which allowed the establishment of good relations between the very Egyptian army and the U.S. military, which helped turn the Egyptian army acted professionally and wisdom during the days of Egypt's Revolution. The communications and interactions with the Egyptian army impact in preventing further bloodshed.

Kerry said that he had met five times with the head of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, Hussein Tantawi, who carried out all its promises. Kerry also praised the role played by the Egyptian army in a truce between Hamas and Israel organization, as it is always committed to the peace treaty with Israel.

Foreign funding crisis

Once decisions jail accused in the case of foreign funding in Cairo on June 4, Washington opened fire heavy artillery toward President Anchorage, to start a new chapter with severe tension in US-Egyptian relations file.

The committee held the House Foreign Relations hearing June 12 entitled «attack berth on American NGOs» to discuss the implications of the results of the verdicts of Egypt, and the political implications on the bilateral relations between the two countries, especially with regard to strictly military assistance (1.3 billion) and non-military (250 million dollars) annually.

It is worth mentioning that during the visit of Foreign Minister John Kerry to Egypt in March was the first issue of American organizations on top of the issues that occur with President Marina about them. He said one aide to Kerry's «Sunrise» then that «the case pending before the Egyptian judiciary and know the cause of American organizations, in addition to the new draft law on the work and funding of civil society organizations in Egypt, especially those materials that relate to foreign funding of organizations of a political nature».

The official said the U.S.'s «Sunrise» Egypt that the government of President «do not realize the magnitude or importance of the issue to lawmakers American organizations, and do not realize the likely impact of the issue and its implications, and the proposed bill on the future of Washington's aid to Egypt».

In spite of the crisis of American organizations, the Obama administration has maintained the same level of military and economic aid, which provided annually to Egypt in the draft budget for 2014, which gets under which Egypt to 1.55 billion dollars a year.

In spite of the decline in the value of foreign aid budget of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the year 2014 increased by 9% from those in 2012, did not change the value of the proposed aid to Egypt.

«What worries the Americans lack of a credible opposition and the popularity»

Summarized the U.S. official's words «Sunrise» nature of relations between Washington and Cairo under President berth in the following words «Obama administration do not put the actions of President Marina, in one basket. Washington praising the efforts of the President when he is discouraged as it happened during the aggression against Gaza, and criticize the president when he tried the same monopolizing power by issuing a constitutional declaration last November. However, the strategic relations there is not yet threatened. What worries Washington over the inside Egypt is in the lack of a credible opposition and popular success of the estimated balance of Islamic forces in any election in Egypt ».

Constitution .. Crisis continues

With regard to the new Egyptian constitution, has seen the corridors of the U.S. administration and contradictory views about what should be done towards the development of the process of the referendum on the Constitution of Egypt. However, they also understood the difficulty to criticize the process of conducting a free referendum on a new constitution, and understood the difficulty of criticizing the final results.

Hours after the official announcement of the results of the referendum on the constitution on December 25, 2012, which was passed with the approval of about 64% and intercept 36% of those who Wadlow ballots, Foreign Ministry issued an official statement in which it urged all sides in Egypt to promote national dialogue among the various political forces.

The statement said «that Egypt's future should not be dependent on the ability of one side to prevail over the other, but it depends on the commitment of everyone to participate in a comprehensive process to negotiate their differences on the constitution and the laws implementing it and to find the path of a more united to move forward».